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CSS Resources. Cascading Style Sheets Designing for the Web 3rd Edition    Lynda. CSS Tutorials Introduction. Welcome to an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets CSS. This article explains how CSS has changed the face of the Internet how it revolutionized and simplified web design. It covers the way that CSS and HTML connect, and offers resources for further study. When explaining the importance CSS to web site development one must talk about HTML, because the two work hand in hand. In this article well introduce a bits of information about HTML and CSS, side by side, progressing deeper as we go, leading up to the epiphany of CSS Zen Garden, which illustrates that, for a site that well implements CSS, a designer can dramatically overhaul its appearance in a matter of minutes. CSS successfully addresses one of HTMLs basic issues. Many simple presentational goals have always been difficult or impossible to attain via pure HTML. Prior to CSS, altering or improving HTMLs default presentation was a designers nightmare. So designers often resorted to browser specific tricks and techniques. But then the page might render poorly when viewed with other browsers, and might leave it strewn with code that would surely perplex any developer inheriting the project. Building an attractive web page with pure HTML was challenging enough. Modifying an existing presentation could amount a monumental task. This became glaringly apparent when the client simply requested a. It was hours of careful, painstaking Find and Replace. The purpose and value of CSSCompetent web designers use CSS for its effect and efficiencythese are core aspects of its purpose. When CSS and HTML are properly balanced a designer can make sweeping changes to the look of a web page, or overhaul an entire web site, with just a small bit of CSS magic, by editing a few properties in a CSS style sheet, with little or no change to the HTML. If youre a site owner, youll want to work with a web designer who possesses a deep understanding of CSS. When you decide to adopt an entirely different look your designer should be able to provide options with a minimum of effort. In fact, during the conceptdesign stage, a good designer should be able. CSS. This level of flexibility and control is good for both of you Nothing demonstrates. CSS Zen Garden. HTML CSS Overview. The key to CSS is understanding how it links to the elements on an HTML page via CSS selectors. So first we have to know more about HTML, and the elements it references. HTMLHTML is the original language of web site design, and though HTML continues to provide the foundation for web pages today, single handedly it is neither well suited nor efficient in handling display specific details. For convincing opinion on this point, look no further than HTML5. In HTML5 many formatting features have been deprecated dropped to encourage force developers stop using HTML for styling presentation. CSS on web pages. Well designed, flexible, HTML web pages include CSS for styling presentation, in other words, for grooming raw HTLM. It allows web designers to achieve modern appearances and effects, and affords them a level of control over layout and presentation not available via pure HTML. Ungroomed HTML is drab, shaggy and unattractive and like a trip back to the late 1. As mentioned, CSS allows designers to completely overhaul the appearance of a web page or web site without altering any HTML. CSS Zen Garden provided proof of concept. However, its important to stress, a site must contain a carefully crafted blend of HTML and CSS in order to be flexible. CSS in other avenues As a testament to the usefulness of its concept, we see CSS used in other avenues, such as the design. Diving in. We have to know technical bits about HTML before we can understand how CSS links and interacts with it. But the basic concept is simple. CSS allows us to target particular elements of a page and define how they will look is some cases it even allows us to determine where those elements will appear. The targeting mechanism is called a CSS selector. Before introducing CSS selectors, and before we explore todays role of CSS and how it influences the appreance of HTML, lets a historical look at HTML and its charter purpose. HTMLs original purpose The original goals of HTML were simple yet profound to identify the structural aspects of a document via semantic markupto reliably and intelligibly flow text and graphics to unknown forms of media and circumstances see item 2. Hypertext. There were three primary things that set HTML apart from text editors and word processors HTML was an open standard from the start. Although word processors use one or more markup languages internally, usually its a hidden, proprietary formatand usually a well guarded secret. HTML document posted to the web is readable by anyone with online access, regardless of their computer, monitor, operating system, installed fonts, etc. No software is needed other than a basic up to date HTML browser. In contrast, a Microsoft Word document posted to the web is not readable or displayable by a browser to read it youd need to safe it to your computer and open it with Word or an application that can read Words format. Eventually word processing documents and PDF followed suit, but HTML paved the way for linking content in this manner. This winning formula forged a fundamental leap in the information age and fueled the rapid growth of the world wide web. And the world was never the same. HTML and tags in brief The acronym HTML stands for Hyper. Text Markup Language. Hypertext is the linking mechanism in HTML that allows us to jump to other web pages or articles. Though this markup language is somewhat vast, overall its fairly simple. The bulk of the markup consists of HTML tags angle brackets lt that surround a tag name. A tag or tag name is usually abbreviation of a type of semantic element in a page or document a page, article, section, or a header, paragraph, list, image, and so on. Opening and closing tags are placed around most type of elements. Here are some HTML common opening tags lt p  identifies the beginning of a Paragraphlt h. Header of a page or sectionlt ul  identifies the beginning of an Unordered Listlt li   Identifies a List Item, in other words, an element of a list, such as an unordered list. By default, each item in the unordered list is displayed with a preceding bullet point. A closing tag identifies the end of an element. A closing tag is the same as the opening tag, but with a slash before the tag name. For instance, lt p marks the end of a paragraph. Heres an example of the HTML code for a paragraph lt p This is the content of the paragraphlt p A browser will render this HTML to a page  like this This is the content of the paragraph. The tags along with their enclosing angle brackets exist in the HTML. The tags identify various parts of the page content, such as paragraphs and headers. But these tags are are never displayed on the visible web page, because the browser recognizes them, interprets them, and knows to discard them from the visual display. The tags only exist in the HTML source codei. HTML language that browsers render into a presentable and readable page. Its worth mentioning that some elements are self closing. For the sake of example, lets pretend there was a tag for identifying prices. A regular price element for 2. However, if our fictitious price element were self closing, it would look like this lt 2. There are a few self closing tags in HTML. The image tag is one of them, and we encounter it soon. A Somewhat Sensationalized History of HTML5. We all know that HTML5 is the great hope for the Webthats what everyone tells us, so it must be true. Its a beautiful shining Utopia where all citizens can browse in peace and harmony with pages loading smoothly and quickly, layouts looking the same across browsers, and not a plug in in sight. Thats what theyd have you believe, anyway. Theres no doubt that HTML5 contains a lot of good, but it also contains a lot ofwell, well get to that. Its time to learn the truth about HTML5.