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He was notable for his extensive studies documenting all types of American birds and for his detailed illustrations that depicted the birds in their natural habitats. His major work, a color plate book entitled The Birds of America 1. Audubon identified 2. Early lifeeditAudubon was born in Les Cayes in the French colony of Saint Domingue now Haiti1 on his fathers sugarcaneplantation. He was the son of Lieutenant Jean Audubon, a French naval officer and privateer from the south of Brittany,2 and his mistress Jeanne Rabine,3 a 2. Les Touches, Brittany now in the modern region Pays de la Loire. They named the boy Jean Rabin. His mother died when the boy was a few months old, as she had suffered from tropical disease since arriving on the island. His father already had an unknown number of mixed race children among them a daughter named Marie Madeleine,5 some by his mulatto housekeeper, Catherine Sanitte Bouffard5 described as a quadroon, meaning she was three quarters European in ancestry. Following Jeanne Rabins death, Jean Audubon renewed his relationship with Sanitte Bouffard and had a daughter by her, named Muguet. Bouffard also took care of the infant boy Jean. The senior Audubon had commanded ships. During the American Revolution, he had been imprisoned by Britain. After his release, he helped the American cause. He had long worked to save money and secure his familys future with real estate. Due to slave unrest in the Caribbean, in 1. Saint Domingue and purchased a 2. Mill Grove, 2. 0 miles from Philadelphia, to diversify his investments. Increasing tension in Saint Domingue between the colonists and the African slaves, who greatly outnumbered them, convinced Jean Audubon to return to France, where he became a member of the Republican Guard. In 1. 79. 1 he arranged for his natural children Jean and Muguet, who was majority white in ancestry, to be transported and delivered to him in France. La Gerbetire, mansion owned by Jean Jacques Audubons father in Couron, where young Jean Jacques was raised. The children were raised in Couron, near Nantes, France, by Audubon and his French wife Anne Moynet Audubon, whom he had married years before his time in Saint Domingue. In 1. 79. 4 they formally adopted both his natural children to regularize their legal status in France. They renamed the boy Jean Jacques Fougre Audubon and the girl Rose. When Audubon, at age 1. United States, he changed his name to an anglicized form John James Audubon. From his earliest days, Audubon had an affinity for birds. I felt an intimacy with them. His father encouraged his interest in nature He would point out the elegant movement of the birds, and the beauty and softness of their plumage. He called my attention to their show of pleasure or sense of danger, their perfect forms and splendid attire. He would speak of their departure and return with the seasons. In France during the chaotic years of the French Revolution and its aftermath, the younger Audubon grew up to be a handsome and gregarious man. He played flute and violin, and learned to ride, fence, and dance. A great walker, he loved roaming in the woods, often returning with natural curiosities, including birds eggs and nests, of which he made crude drawings. His father planned to make a seaman of his son. At twelve, Audubon went to military school and became a cabin boy. He quickly found out that he was susceptible to seasickness and not fond of mathematics or navigation. After failing the officers qualification test, Audubon ended his incipient naval career. He was cheerfully back on solid ground and exploring the fields again, focusing on birds. Immigration to the United Statesedit. Plate 4. 1 of Birds of America by John James Audubon, depicting ruffed grouse. In 1. 80. 3, his father obtained a false passport so that Audubon could go to the United States to avoid conscription in the Napoleonic Wars. Jean Audubon and Claude Rozier arranged a business partnership for their sons to pursue in Pennsylvania. It was based on Claude Roziers buying half of Jean Audubons share of a plantation in Haiti, and lending money to the partnership as secured by half interest in lead mining at Audubons property of Mill Grove. Audubon caught yellow fever upon arrival in New York City. The ships captain placed him in a boarding house run by Quaker women. They nursed Audubon to recovery and taught him English, including the Quaker form of using thee and thou, otherwise then archaic. He traveled with the familys Quaker lawyer to the Audubon family farm Mill Grove. The 2. 84 acre 1. Perkiomen Creek a few miles from Valley Forge. Audubon lived with the tenants in the two story stone house, in an area that he considered a paradise. Hunting, fishing, drawing, and music occupied my every moment cares I knew not, and cared naught about them. Studying his surroundings, Audubon quickly learned the ornithologists rule, which he wrote down as, The nature of the placewhether high or low, moist or dry, whether sloping north or south, or bearing tall trees or low shrubsgenerally gives hint as to its inhabitants. His father hoped that the lead mines on the property could be commercially developed, as lead was an essential component of bullets. This could provide his son with a profitable occupation. At Mill Grove, Audubon met the owner of the nearby estate Fatland Ford, William Bakewell, and his daughter Lucy. He was married to Lucy five years later. The two young people shared many common interests, and early on began to spend time together, exploring the natural world around them. Audubon set about to study American birds, determined to illustrate his findings in a more realistic manner than most artists did then. He began conducting the first known bird banding on the continent he tied yarn to the legs of eastern phoebes and determined that they returned to the same nesting spots year after year. He also began drawing and painting birds, and recording their behavior. After an accidental fall into a creek, Audubon contracted a severe fever. He was nursed and recovered at Fatland Ford, with Lucy at his side. Risking conscription in France, Audubon returned in 1. He also needed to discuss family business plans. While there, he met the naturalist and physician Charles Marie DOrbigny, who improved Audubons taxidermy skills and taught him scientific methods of research. Although his return ship was overtaken by an English privateer, Audubon and his hidden gold coins survived the encounter. Audubon resumed his bird studies and created his own nature museum, perhaps inspired by the great museum of natural history created by Charles Willson Peale in Philadelphia. Peales bird exhibits were considered scientifically advanced. Audubons room was brimming with birds eggs, stuffed raccoons and opossums, fish, snakes, and other creatures. He had become proficient at specimen preparation and taxidermy. Deeming the mining venture too risky, with his fathers approval Audubon sold part of the Mill Grove farm, including the house and mine. Como Hablar En Publico Sin Temor Pdf To Excel. He retained some land for investment. He went to New York to learn the import export trade, hoping to find a business to support his marriage to Lucy. The protective Mr. Bakewell wanted to see the young Frenchman established in a solid career before releasing his daughter to him. Marriage and familyeditIn 1. Audubon moved to Kentucky, which was rapidly being settled. Six months later, he married Lucy Bakewell. Google. Say Ok Google to start a voice search. Search without lifting a finger. When you say Ok Google, Chrome will search for what you say next.