Durkheim WikipediaDurkheim redirects here. For the spa town in Germany, see Bad Drkheim. Durkheim. Born. David mile Durkheim1. April 1. 5, 1. 85. Lorraine, France. Difference Between Positivism And Interpretivism Pdf Free' title='Difference Between Positivism And Interpretivism Pdf Free' />Died. November 1. Paris, le de France, France. Nationality. French. Alma matercole Normale Suprieure. Known for. Sacredprofane dichotomy. Collective consciousness. Social fact. Social integration. Anomie. Collective effervescence. Scientific career. Fields. Philosophy, sociology, education, anthropology, religious studies. Institutions. University of Paris, University of Bordeaux. Influences. Immanuel Kant, Ren Descartes, Plato, Herbert Spencer, Aristotle, Montesquieu, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Auguste Comte. William James, John Dewey, Fustel de Coulanges, John Stuart Mill. Positivism has provided analytical tools and helped to develop intervention and evaluation methods that were more effective than those previously used in social research. In social science, Antipositivism also interpretivism and negativism proposes that the social realm cannot be studied with the scientific method of investigation. RESEARCH PARADIGMS METHODOLOGIES AND COMPATIBLE METHODS Abderrazak Dammak All But Dissertation ABD Doctoral Candidate in TESOL Abstract. David mile Durkheim French emil dykm or April 15, 1858 November 15, 1917 was a French sociologist. He formally established the academic discipline and. In this chapter, I will present three case studies two of which focus on water governance and management and one on climate change. Research scientists argue that. Influenced. Marcel Mauss, Claude Lvi Strauss, Talcott Parsons, Maurice Halbwachs, Lucien Lvy Bruhl, Bronisaw Malinowski, Fernand Braudel, Pierre Bourdieu, Charles Taylor, Henri Bergson, Emmanuel Levinas, Steven Lukes, Alfred Radcliffe Brown, E. E. Evans Pritchard, Mary Douglas, Paul Fauconnet, Robert Bellah, Ziya Gkalp, David Bloor, Randall Collins, Jonathan Haidt. David mile Durkheim French emil dykmordykajm 1 April 1. November 1. 5, 1. French sociologist. He formally established the academic discipline andwith Karl Marx and Max Weberis commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science. Much of Durkheims work was concerned with how societies could maintain their integrity and coherence in modernity an era in which traditional social and religious ties are no longer assumed, and in which new social institutions have come into being. His first major sociological work was The Division of Labour in Society 1. In 1. 89. 5, he published The Rules of Sociological Method and set up the first European department of sociology, becoming Frances first professor of sociology. In 1. LAnne Sociologique. Durkheims seminal monograph, Suicide 1. Catholic and Protestant populations, pioneered modern social research and served to distinguish social science from psychology and political philosophy. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life 1. Durkheim was also deeply preoccupied with the acceptance of sociology as a legitimate science. He refined the positivism originally set forth by Auguste Comte, promoting what could be considered as a form of epistemologicalrealism, as well as the use of the hypothetico deductive model in social science. For him, sociology was the science of institutions, if this term is understood in its broader meaning as beliefs and modes of behaviour instituted by the collectivity5 and its aim being to discover structural social facts. Durkheim was a major proponent of structural functionalism, a foundational perspective in both sociology and anthropology. In his view, social science should be purely holistic 6 that is, sociology should study phenomena attributed to society at large, rather than being limited to the specific actions of individuals. He remained a dominant force in French intellectual life until his death in 1. Durkheimian terms such as collective consciousness have since entered the popular lexicon. BiographyeditChildhood and educationeditEmile Durkheim was born in pinal in Lorraine, the son of Mlanie Isidor and Mose Durkheim. He came from a long line of devout French Jews his father, grandfather, and great grandfather had been rabbis. He began his education in a rabbinical school, but at an early age, he decided not to follow in his familys footsteps and switched schools. Durkheim led a completely secular life. Much of his work was dedicated to demonstrating that religious phenomena stemmed from social rather than divine factors. While Durkheim chose not to follow in the family tradition, he did not sever ties with his family or with the Jewish community. Many of his most prominent collaborators and students were Jewish, and some were blood relations. Marcel Mauss, a notable social anthropologist of the pre war era, was his nephew. One of his nieces was Claudette ne Raphael Bloch, a marine biologist and mother of Maurice Bloch, who became a noted anthropologist. A precocious student, Durkheim entered the cole Normale Suprieure ENS in 1. The entering class that year was one of the most brilliant of the nineteenth century and many of his classmates, such as Jean Jaurs and Henri Bergson, would go on to become major figures in Frances intellectual history. At the ENS, Durkheim studied under the direction of Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, a classicist with a social scientific outlook, and wrote his Latin dissertation on Montesquieu. Language more. At the same time, he read Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer. Thus Durkheim became interested in a scientific approach to society very early on in his career. This meant the first of many conflicts with the French academic system, which had no social science curriculum at the time. Durkheim found humanistic studies uninteresting, turning his attention from psychology and philosophy to ethics and eventually, sociology. He obtained his agrgation in philosophy in 1. The opportunity for Durkheim to a receive major academic appointment in Paris was inhibited by his approach to society. From 1. 88. 2 to 1. In 1. 88. 5 he decided to leave for Germany, where for two years he studied sociology at the universities of Marburg, Berlin and Leipzig. As Durkheim indicated in several essays, it was in Leipzig that he learned to appreciate the value of empiricism and its language of concrete, complex things, in sharp contrast to the more abstract, clear and simple ideas of the Cartesian method. By 1. 88. 6, as part of his doctoral dissertation, he had completed the draft of his The Division of Labour in Society, and was working towards establishing the new science of sociology. Academic careeredit. A collection of Durkheims courses on the origins of socialism 1. Marcel Mauss, in 1. Durkheims period in Germany resulted in the publication of numerous articles on German social science and philosophy Durkheim was particularly impressed by the work of Wilhelm Wundt. Durkheims articles gained recognition in France, and he received a teaching appointment in the University of Bordeaux in 1. His official title was Charg dun Cours de Science Sociale et de Pdagogie and thus he taught both pedagogy and sociology the latter had never been taught in France before. The appointment of the social scientist to the mostly humanistic faculty was an important sign of the change of times, and also the growing importance and recognition of the social sciences. From this position Durkheim helped reform the French school system and introduced the study of social science in its curriculum. However, his controversial beliefs that religion and morality could be explained in terms purely of social interaction earned him many critics. Also in 1. 88. 7, Durkheim married Louise Dreyfus. They would have two children, Marie and Andr. The 1. Durkheim. 1. In 1. The Division of Labour in Society, his doctoral dissertation and fundamental statement of the nature of human society and its development. Durkheims interest in social phenomena was spurred on by politics. Frances defeat in the Franco Prussian War led to the fall of the regime of Napoleon III, which was then replaced by the Third Republic. This in turn resulted in a backlash against the new secular and republican rule, as many people considered a vigorously nationalistic approach necessary to rejuvenate Frances fading power. Durkheim, a Jew and a staunch supporter of the Third Republic with a sympathy towards socialism, was thus in the political minority, a situation that galvanized him politically. The Dreyfus affair of 1. In 1. 89. 5, he published The Rules of Sociological Method,1. European department of sociology at the University of Bordeaux. In 1. 89. 8, he founded LAnne Sociologique, the first French social science journal.