Wordle Beautiful Word Clouds. Wordle is a toy for generating. The clouds. give greater prominence to words that appear more frequently. You can tweak your clouds with different. The images you create with Wordle are yours. You can print them out, or save them. Create your own. View some examples created by others. Succession to Muhammad Wikipedia. The succession to Muhammad raises questions about the leadership of Islam after his death Muhammads successor, how they should be elected, conditions of legitimacy and the role of successor. Download The Leadership Of Muhammad Pdf To Word' title='Download The Leadership Of Muhammad Pdf To Word' />Answers to these questions have led to several divisions in the Muslim community since the first century of Muslim history, giving rise to the Sunni, Shia and Khawarij schools. After Muhammads death in AD 6. Muhammad the Apostle of God inscribed on the gates of the Prophets Mosque in Medina. Syed Saeed Akhtar Rizvi 180 PDF by Ali Ansari Surrenderworks. THE LIFE OF MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET Syed Saeed Akhtar Rizvi source httpwww. Wordle is a toy for generating word clouds from text that you provide. The clouds give greater prominence to words that appear more frequently in the source. The succession to Muhammad raises questions about the leadership of Islam after his death Muhammads successor, how they should be elected, conditions of legitimacy. College Keyboarding Microsoft Word 6. Complete Course, Lessons 1180 Library Download Book PDF and DOC We always make sure that the links on the website are. Download The Leadership Of Muhammad Pdf To Word' title='Download The Leadership Of Muhammad Pdf To Word' />Muslim community. Since none of his sons survived into adulthood, hereditary succession was not an option. Umar Umar ibn al Khattab, a prominent companion of Muhammad, nominated Abu Bakr. Others added their support, and Abu Bakr was made the first caliph. This choice was disputed by some of Muhammads companions, who believed that Ali Ali ibn Abi Talib, the Prophets cousin and son in law, had already been designated as his successor by the Prophet. During the First and Second Fitnas the Islamic community divided into a number of groups, each of which had a specific idea about successorship. After the Rashiduncaliphate evolved into monarchies and sultanates, Sunnis held power in most areas Shias emerged in opposition. Sunnis believe that although Muhammad did not appoint a successor, Abu Bakr was elected the first caliph by the Muslim community and they recognize the first four caliphs as Muhammads successors. Shias believe that Muhammad named his successor, Ali, at Ghadir Khumm Muslim leadership belonged to the person determined by divine order. The two groups also disagree on Alis attitude towards Abu Bakr and the two caliphs who succeeded him Umar and Uthman ibn Affan. Sunnis and the Zaydis emphasize Alis acceptance and support of their rule according to the Twelver Shia, he distanced himself from them and was prevented from fulfilling the religious duty that Muhammad had given him. They maintain that if Ali was the rightful successor as ordainedcitation needed by God, it would have been his duty as leader of the Muslim nation to make war with Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman however, he had neither the military strength nor the willingness to wage civil war amongst the Muslims. Ali believed that he could fulfil his imamate without fighting. Zaydis disagree with the Twelver Shia. After the death of Abu Bakr, Ali raised Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Abu Bakrs son. When Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was killed by the Ummayads,6 The Zaydis the largest Shia group before the Safavid Dynasty and currently the second largest group believe that Zayd ibn Ali the uncle of Jafar al Sadiq was betrayed by the people in Kufa, who told him May God have mercy on you What do you have to say on the matter of Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al Khattab Zayd ibn Ali said, I have not heard anyone in my family renouncing them both nor saying anything but good about them. Quran and the Sunnah78HistoriographyeditMost of Islamic history was transmitted orally until after the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate. Historical works of later Muslim writers include the traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad and quotes attributed to him the sira and hadith literature, which provide further information on Muhammads life. The earliest surviving written sira biographies and quotes attributed to Muhammad is Sirah Rasul AllahLife of Gods Messenger by Ibn Ishaq d. AD. 1. 1 Although the original work is lost, portions survive in the recensions of Ibn Hisham d. BibMe Free Bibliography Citation Maker MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. Al Tabari d. 9. Many but not all scholars accept the accuracy of these biographies, although this accuracy is uncertain. Studies by J. Schacht and Ignc Goldziher have led scholars to distinguish between legal and historical traditions. According to William Montgomery Watt, although legal traditions could have been invented, historical material may have been primarily subject to tendential shaping rather than invented. Modern Western scholars are much less likely than Sunni Islamic scholars to trust the work of the Abbasid historians, and Western historians approach the classic Islamic histories with varying degrees of circumspection. Hadith compilations are records of the traditions or sayings of Muhammadhis biography, perpetuated by community memory for it guidance. The development of hadith is a crucial element of the first three centuries of Islamic history. Early Western scholars mistrusted the later narrations and reports, regarding them as fabrications. Leone Caetani considered the attribution of historical reports to Abd Allah ibn Abbas and Aisha as primarily fictitious, preferring accounts reported without isnad by early historians such as Ibn Ishaq. Wilferd Madelung has rejected the indiscriminate dismissal of everything not included in early sources, instead judging later narrative in the context of history and compatibility with events and figures. The only contemporary source is The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays Kitab al Saqifah by Sulaym ibn Qays died 7. AH or 6. 94 7. 14 AD. This collection of hadith and historical reports from the first century of the Islamic calendar narrates events relating to the succession in detail. Historical viewpointeditElection of Abu BakreditAfter Muhammad united the Arabian tribes into a single Muslim religious polity during the final years of his life, his death in 6. Office 2003 Professional Iso Deutsch Download Free. Muslim community. At a small gathering attended in Saqifah a companion of Muhammad, Abu Bakr, was nominated to lead the community. Others supported him, and Abu Bakr became the first caliph. This choice was disputed by other companions of Muhammad, who believed that Muhammad had chosen Ali as his successor. However Sunnis allege that Ali accepted the subsequent leadership of Abu Bakr, Omar and Uthman. According to Wilferd Madelung, after Abu Bakrs election he and a few other companions went to Fatimahs house to receive homage from Ali and his supporters gathered there. When Umar threatened to set the house ablaze unless they came out, Zubayr came out with his sword drawn. He lost his sword, and Umars men carried him off. Evidence exists that Fatimahs house was searched, and Ali reportedly said that if he had been forty men he would have resisted. Abu Bakr isolated the Banu Hashim who, according to Al Zuhri, refused to swear allegiance for six months. According to Lesley Hazleton, Umar decided to break into Fatimas house instead of burning it and flung himself at the door. Twelver Shiite sources relate that Umar set fire to Fatimahs door before kicking it open, crushing Fatimah who was trying to hold the door shut. The blow killed Mohsin, Fatimahs unborn son, broke her ribs and later caused her death. This is disputed by Sunni Muslims, who believe that no such conflict ever occurred. Twelvers believe that Ali, under orders from Muhammad not to fight back, was put in chains when Abu Bakrs selection to the caliphate was a fait accompli, Ali withheld his allegiance until after Fatimahs death because he did not want to cause strife in the nascent Muslim community. He buried Fatimah at night, with none of Abu Bakrs supporters present, and the location of her grave is uncertain. Twelvers believe that Ali was convinced of the legitimacy of his claim to the caliphate based on his close kinship with Muhammad and his knowledge of, and service to, Islam he told Abu Bakr that his delay in pledging allegiance bayah was based on his belief in his own title. Ali did not change his mind when he pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman he did so for the unity of Islam when the Muslims had clearly turned away from him. Sunni vieweditSunni Muslims relate a number of hadith oral traditions in which Muhammad recommended shura consultation as the best method for reaching community decisions. According to this view, he did not nominate a successor because he expected that the community would choose a new leader the custom in Arabia at the time.