Solid state drive Wikipedia. This article is about flash based, DRAM based, and other solid state storage. For removable USB solid state storage, see USB flash drive. For compact flash memory cards, see Memory card. For software based secondary storage, see RAM drive. The MacBook Pro sometimes abbreviated MBP is a line of Macintosh portable computers introduced in January 2006 by Apple Inc. Replacing the PowerBook G4, the MacBook. ApSIC Xbench 3. 0 released To download it, go to the new home for ApSIC Xbench at httpwww. ApSIC Xbench is an integrated reference tool aimed to provide a clear and structured view of the terminology of any translation project. This product. ApSIC is a company specialized in technical translation and software product localization for the Spanish market. ApSIC Xbench 3. 0 Plugins and Extensions ApSIC Xbench Plugin for SDL Trados Studio 2014 2015 2017 Build 12. Requires Trados Studio 2014 SP1 or later and ApSIC. A rackmount SSD storage appliance based on DDR SDRAM. A PCI Express, DRAM and NAND based SSD that uses an external power supply to effectively make the DRAM non volatile. Xbench 3.0 Download' title='Xbench 3.0 Download' />An m. SATA SSD with an external enclosure. A solid state drive SSD123 is a solid state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data persistently. SSD technology primarily uses electronic interfaces compatible with traditional block inputoutput IO hard disk drives HDDs, which permit simple replacements in common applications. New IO interfaces like SATA Express and M. SSD technology. SSDs have no moving mechanical components. This distinguishes them from traditional electromechanicalmagnetic disks such as hard disk drives HDDs or floppy disks, which contain spinning disks and movable readwrite heads. Compared with electromechanical disks, SSDs are typically more resistant to physical shock, run silently, and have lower access time and lower latency. However, while the price of SSDs has continued to decline over time 2. SSDs are as of 2. HDDs. 9As of 2. 01. SSDs use 3. D TLC NAND based flash memory, which is a type of non volatile memory that retains data when power is lost. For applications requiring fast access but not necessarily data persistence after power loss, SSDs may be constructed from random access memory RAM. Such devices may employ batteries as integrated power sources to retain data for a certain amount of time after external power is lost. Hybrid drives or solid state hybrid drives SSHDs combine the features of SSDs and HDDs in the same unit, containing a large hard disk drive and an SSD cache to improve performance of frequently accessed data. Development and historyeditEarly SSDs using RAM and similar technologyeditSSDs had origins in the 1. CCROS. 1. 31. 4 These auxiliary memory units as contemporaries called them emerged during the era of vacuum tube computers, though their use ceased with the introduction of cheaper drum storage units. Later, in the 1. 97. SSDs were implemented in semiconductor memory for early supercomputers of IBM, Amdahl, and Cray,1. In the late 1. 97. General Instruments produced an electrically alterable ROM EAROM which operated somewhat like the later NAND flash memory. Unfortunately, a ten year life was not achievable and many companies abandoned the technology. In 1. 97. 6, Dataram started selling a product called Bulk Core, which provided up to 2 MB of solid state storage compatible with Digital Equipment Corporation DEC and Data General DG computers. In 1. 97. 8, Texas Memory Systems introduced a 1. RAM solid state drive to be used by oil companies for seismic data acquisition. The following year, Storage. Tek developed the first RAM solid state drive. The Sharp PC 5. 00. In 1. 98. 4, Tallgrass Technologies Corporation had a tape backup unit of 4. AAOX_PRD/on/demandware.static/-/Sites-catalog-master/default/dwcd3b8eb1/hi-res/ushi-res/xbench_siam_sea.jpg?sw=768&sh=768&sm=fit' alt='Xbench 3.0 Download' title='Xbench 3.0 Download' />MB with a solid state 2. MB unit built in. Download Battleground Wwii Rules Pdf there. The 2. 0 MB unit could be used instead of a hard drive. In September 1. 98. Santa Clara Systems introduced Bat. Ram, a 4 megabyte mass storage system expandable to 2. MB using 4 MB memory modules. The package included a rechargeable battery to preserve the memory chip contents when the array was not powered. EMC Corporation EMC into the SSD market, with drives introduced for the mini computer market. However, by 1. 99. EMC had exited the SSD market. Software based RAM disks remain in use as of 2. CPU resources and cost much more on a per GB basis. Flash based SSDseditIn 1. Psion MC 4. 00 laptop included four slots for removable storage in the form of flash based solid state disk cards, using the same type of flash memory cards as used by the Psion Series 3. The flash modules did have the limitation of needing to be re formatted entirely to reclaim space from deleted or modified files old versions of files which were deleted or modified continued to take up space until the module was formatted. In 1. 99. 1, San. Disk Corporation created a 2. MB solid state drive SSD which sold for around 1,0. In 1. 99. 4, STEC, Inc. Cirrus Logics flash controller operation, allowing the company to enter the flash memory business for consumer electronic devices. In 1. 99. 5, M Systems introduced flash based solid state drives. They had the advantage of not requiring batteries to maintain the data in the memory required by the earlier volatile memory systems, but were not as fast as the DRAM based solutions. Since then, SSDs have been used successfully as HDD replacements by the military and aerospace industries, as well as for other mission critical applications. These applications require the exceptional mean time between failures MTBF rates that solid state drives achieve, by virtue of their ability to withstand extreme shock, vibration and temperature ranges. In 1. 99. 9, Bi. TMICRO made a number of introductions and announcements about flash based SSDs, including an 1. GB 3. 5 inch SSD. In 2. 00. 7, Fusion io announced a PCIe based Solid state drive with 1. IOPS of performance in a single card, with capacities up to 3. At Cebit 2. 00. 9, OCZ Technology demonstrated a 1 terabyte TB flash SSD using a PCI Express 8 interface. It achieved a maximum write speed of 6. MBs and maximum read speed of 7. MBs. 3. 2In December 2. Micron Technology announced an SSD using a 6 gigabits per second Gbits SATA interface. Enterprise flash driveseditEnterprise flash drives EFDs are designed for applications requiring high IO performance IOPS, reliability, energy efficiency and, more recently, consistent performance. In most cases, an EFD is an SSD with a higher set of specifications, compared with SSDs that would typically be used in notebook computers. The term was first used by EMC in January 2. SSD manufacturers who would provide products meeting these higher standards. There are no standards bodies who control the definition of EFDs, so any SSD manufacturer may claim to produce EFDs when in fact the product may not actually meet any particular requirements. An example is the Intel DC S3. Intel claimed was important for the enterprise market. In particular, Intel claims that, at a steady state, the S3. IOPS by more than 1. KB random IOs are serviced in less than 5. Another example is the Toshiba PX0. SS enterprise SSD series, announced in 2. IO acceleration and online transaction processing OLTP. The PX0. 2SS series uses 1. Gbits SAS interface, featuring MLC NAND flash memory and achieving random write speeds of up to 4. IOPS, random read speeds of up to 1. IOPS, and endurance rating of 3. DWPD. 3. 7Architecture and functioneditThe key components of an SSD are the controller and the memory to store the data. The primary memory component in an SSD was traditionally DRAMvolatile memory, but since 2. NAND flashnon volatile memory. ControllereditEvery SSD includes a controller that incorporates the electronics that bridge the NAND memory components to the host computer. The controller is an embedded processor that executes firmware level code and is one of the most important factors of SSD performance. Some of the functions performed by the controller include 3. The performance of an SSD can scale with the number of parallel NAND flash chips used in the device. A single NAND chip is relatively slow, due to the narrow 81. IO interface, and additional high latency of basic IO operations typical for SLC NAND, 2. KB page from the array to the IO buffer on a read, 2. KB page from the IO buffer to the array on a write, 2 ms to erase a 2.